Learning Outcome Statements

describe the structure of an autoregressive (AR) model of order p and calculate one- and two-period-ahead forecasts given the estimated coefficients;

explain how autocorrelations of the residuals can be used to test whether the autoregressive model fits the time series;

explain mean reversion and calculate a mean-reverting level;

contrast in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts and compare the forecasting accuracy of different time-series models based on the root mean squared error criterion;

CFA® 2026 Level II Curriculum, Volume 1, Module 5.