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Basic Question 0 of 5
According to McGahan and Porter, industry and competitive forces can act as ______ on a company's returns.
B. a ceiling
C. both a ceiling and a floor
A. a floor
B. a ceiling
C. both a ceiling and a floor
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I am happy to say that I passed! Your study notes certainly helped prepare me for what was the most difficult exam I had ever taken.

Andrea Schildbach
Learning Outcome Statements
explain put-call forward parity for European options
CFA® 2026 Level I Curriculum, Volume 5, Module 9.